Various types of test tubes are used in the microbiology laboratory. One of them is the common test tube, which is widely used. These tubes are used for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in artificial culture medium (solid or liquid). The opening of these tubes is closed with cotton. The opening of some pipes may be blocked with stainless steel instead of cotton. For some test tubes, rubber and plastic screws are used.

• petri dish (plate)

There are glass containers with lids in which the bacteria culture medium is poured and after the medium solidifies, they are used to cultivate bacteria. Plates are generally plastic and available in various sizes. The molten medium cools in the plates and becomes solid, which have a large surface area for the cultivation of microbes. Plates are incubated upside down after cultivation. This action prevents the accumulation of water in the culture medium and the spread of colonies.

 Pictures of petri dish (A) and test tube (B).

• swap

A wooden device similar to a long ear cleaner, which has cotton in one end for sampling.

• slide

Different slides are used in microbiological works. The simplest type of glass slide is smooth, which is used to stain bacteria.

 Images related to slide (A) and swap (B).

• autoclave

This device has a structure similar to a kitchen pressure cooker. Steam heat and pressure are used in this device. By raising the temperature of the device to 121 degrees Celsius and increasing the pressure to 1.5 atmospheres, they sterilize the equipment and the culture medium within 15 minutes. This device creates moist heat and it is used to sterilize cultivation environments and… is used

• Incubator

It is a device that provides the right temperature for growth, reproduction and colony formation. Its temperature can be controlled (maximum 60 to 80 degrees Celsius) because most of the pathogenic bacteria usually grow at a temperature almost equal to the temperature of the human body i.e. 37 degrees Celsius, usually the temperature of the incubator in laboratories is set to 37 degrees will be

 Images related to autoclave (A) and incubator (B).

• Laminar hood

There are hoods that are designed to protect the operator and the environment against biological agents that have a low level of risk. These hoods include a closed compartment with an open part to access the products. The laminar hood with HEPA filter is in three classes I, II, III and is used especially in biological laboratories to prevent organic agents from leaving the laboratory. Microbiology hoods are used to create a clean space on the work table, to perform some laboratory activities, quality control of food industry, assembly, packaging and manufacturing of some products, etc. In laminar hoods, the air passes through HEPA filters (High efficiency particulates air) which remove particles and pollution and cleans the circulating air.

Laminar flow hoods include a filter pad – a fan and a HEPA filter. The fan in the device sucks the air from the filter pad, which is where the dust particles stay. After that, the air that passed through the preliminary filter barrier must pass through the HEPA filter, which filters smaller particles such as fungi, bacteria, and dust particles. The sterilized air is re-entered into the performance space or the performance balloon and it is possible to do the rest of the work in the flask without the risk of disinfection.