An introduction to getting to know the microscopic eye lens:

Many people believe that lenses are one of the most important components of microscopes, and without them, the results obtained from microscopes will be very disappointing. Most microscopes have at least three eyepieces that help to improve the performance and improve the images. The performance of objective lenses also helps to improve and magnify images and show us more complete and better detailed images. Microscope eyepieces are divided into four categories, including colorless lenses, apochromatic lenses, plan objectives and lenses . Pafrocal microscope .

Parts of the microscope:

Every microscope has an  eyepiece  , which is the lens you see at the top. A tube connects the eyepiece to the objective lens, which increases the magnifying power of the eyepiece. The power of the eyepiece is usually 10x or 15x (what you are looking at appears to be 10x or 15x larger than it actually is).

A rotating nosepiece or turret holds two or more objective lenses and you can easily switch between them.The microscope stage is the flat platform that holds the slides.

Some microscopes also have a condenser lens , which focuses light onto the object, and an aperture, or iris, which is a rotating disk with holes of various sizes. The iris is used to change the intensity and size of the light that is projected upwards into the lamp.

 eye lens :

A  lens  is an objective that magnifies 4 times, is the shortest objective, and is useful for making an overview of the slide. A power lens is 10 times larger, but remember that it comes with an eyepiece, so the total magnification is 10 times the power of the eyepiece.

A high-powered objective lens magnifies 40x, if the eyepiece is 10x, the magnification is 400x, ideal for viewing very fine details, such as nerve cells in the retina or skeletal muscle fibers.

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The longest objective lens is an oil immersion lens, which provides 100x magnification. If the eyepiece is 10x, the total magnification is 1000x. An oil immersion lens is used to examine the details of individual cells such as red blood cells.

These lenses require special oil to bond between the objective edge and the coating slide. Before using the oil immersion objective lens, ensure that the sample is focused under the high power objective lens. After you remove the high-power objective, put a small amount of oil on the cover slip above the sample, and then position the oil immersion lens.

Microscopic lenses are divided into objective and ocular.

Objective microscope lens:

It is a lens that is placed at the end of the microscope close to the sample. The simplest type of these lenses is a high-power zoom lens with a very short focal length. An objective lens is usually a cylinder that contains one or more lenses, usually made of glass, and its function is to collect light from the side of the sample.

In general, a normal microscope has three or four  objective lenses with different focal lengths, which are placed inside a circular piece and are needed to select the microscope lens.

• Lenses with lower power are called objective lenses. These lenses have the ability to magnify an object four times its normal size.
• Stronger lenses are known as small object lenses and typically magnify an object up to 10 times its own size.
• The most powerful lenses available are known as macro lenses and magnify an object 40 to 100 times its original size.

Types of objective microscope lenses :

• Semi-apochromatic objective microscope lens (Fluorite):

These lenses are almost composed of few lens elements, so the contrast is higher.

• Phase contrast objective microscope lens:

The phase contrast technique allows visualization of transparent and non-colored samples.

• Oil immersion objective lenses:

These types of lenses are commonly used for magnification up to about 100 times.

• Blue immersion objective microscope lens:

This type is not usually used in school laboratories. In schools and training places, by immersing the objective lens in water, they increase the resolution.

Types of eye microscope lenses:

Microscope eyepieces are characterized by two parameters, i.e. magnification power and numerical aperture

• Pafrocal microscope lens:

Parfocal lenses allow magnification to be changed without refocusing.

• Colorless lens:

These types of lenses are the most common and cheapest types of lenses. Achromatic lenses are corrected for two colors.

• Apochromatic lenses:

These types of lenses are corrected for three colors. The margin is not clear and the resolution of the obtained image is higher. The working space is reduced and the depth of field becomes smaller during the presentation of the image that is obtained.

• Plan objectives

These lenses are available in achromatic and apochromatic versions. They contain additional lenses that correct aberrations.

The lens  of the microscope lens  is located at the end and near the sample. The simplest type of these lenses is a very high power zoom lens with a very short focal length.

A microscope objective lens is usually cylindrical in shape and can contain one or more other lenses, usually made of glass. The action of the microscope lens is to collect light from the sample side. Conventional microscopes have 3 or 4 objective lenses of different focal lengths, which are screwed into a circular piece.

By rotating the lens of the microscopes, the required lens can be selected.